Private and Public Digital Evidence and Forensic Investigation | PJL ...

This article discusses the specific sub-field of digital forensics and the types of crimes that would need digital forensics for an investigation.

Digital Forensics

This sub-field of forensics examines data and information from computer storage media so that it may be used as evidence in a court of law or to answer a specific legal question as it may need.

For example in private investigations, digital forensics investigator may use digital forensics at the request of a private attorney for a defendant in a public case. And evidence may be gathered to prove that an employee is using company resources for personal private business use such as selling goods online or visiting the site that is against the company rules and regulation about Information technology. In this case, the employee may be subject to disciplinary action by the company, more personal liability, and perhaps criminal liability.

More so, evidence that proves an employee has violated an employment agreement. For example, evidence may be gathered that proves an employee accessed records or other information without authorization. It may also give that one employee has harassed another employee or perhaps stolen company information.

While public investigations require digital forensics only when a crime has been committed and computers can be used in crimes in one of the following ways, such as, Crimes associated with the prevalence of computers i.e. copyright violations, crimes in which computer is the instrument of the crime or crime in which computer are incidental to another crime such as using it to store illegal records and crimes in which the computer is the target such as crimes that involve stealing information from a computer or denial of service crimes.

Digital Evidence Collection

The collection of digital evidence may have several prominent roles in collection. These roles may include:

?Physical Technology Collection:

Investigators will collect the physical media. Physical media is any technology that stores data or information. E.g. hard disks, PDAs, flash and other electronic devices.

?Physical Media Analysis:

Investigators will analyze the physical evidence for finger prints or other evidence found on the surfaces of the physical technology. This role requires a deep understanding of the technology and may be able to aid the roles of digital evidence collection and digital evidence analysis even when the physical device is severely damaged.

?Digital Evidence Collection:

Investigators will collect the digital data from the physical device. Here, the evidence is the full set of files, folders, and bits stored on the physical media.

?Digital Evidence Analysis:

Investigators will analyze the data collected. Analysis of digital evidence may show hidden information.

Digital Evidence

Digital evidence is both the full set of bits, bytes, and blocks retrieved from the technology. It is also any subset of that full set such as e-mail, log files, text documents, spreadsheets, and other files.

Digital evidence has several unique challenges and questions that must be addressed. The highest challenge is found in modern computers which are implanted as multi-user systems with potentially hundreds of users. Since evidence must conclusively show facts in an investigation, it becomes critical to clear up ambiguities of who owns the data, how the data came to be on the system, and who or what originated the data.

Another concern is the legal issues surrounding the collection of evidence from privately owned devices such as cell phones in private investigations as well the expectation of privacy for employees using company provided resources. While no clear answers have emerged, many businesses specify the proper use of their assets and need employees to waive any such rights to privacy on company assets as part of their employment contract.

Furthermore, this issue has recently become more complicated with the onset of free publicly available encryption technologies. This specific question is whether or not a user retains an expectation of privacy by using encryption on company assets. Clearly, the company has the right to the encrypted version of the data; but does the company have the right to mandate the employee offer an unencrypted version? Subsequently, can a person be ordered by a court of law to give a password to law enforcement to decrypt the digital evidence?

One may be tempted to argue that no digital bit has ever been seen, so plain sight is not possible and not an issue. This issue of privacy raises the question of ?plain sight? while collecting evidence from digital sources. Others may argue that a permit to collect any digital evidence stored on a disk or computer device is enough to collect any and all evidence from a computer for any crime.

The plain sight doctrine is best interpreted conservatively so that any seizure of evidence of one crime revealed during the search for evidence for another crime should be then justified by a permit.

By Samson O Fadiya
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com

Computer Forensics & Cell Phone Forensics -
Lynch Investigations & Countermeasures Pty Ltd

Source: http://www.pjlinvestigations.com.au/online-blog/?p=9187

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Christina Aguilera: New album is a 'rebirth'

FILE - This Nov. 20, 2011 file photo shows Christina Aguilera performing at the 39th Annual American Music Awards in Los Angeles. Aguilera is comparing her upcoming album to a "rebirth." With more than a decade in the music business behind her, the album will be a culmination of "everything I've experienced up until this point," the pop star said, including divorce. The album doesn't have a release date and the title hasn't been announced. Aguilera, a coach on NBC's singing contest, ?The Voice,? will perform the first single, "Your Body," on the show on Sept. 17. (AP Photo/Matt Sayles, file)

FILE - This Nov. 20, 2011 file photo shows Christina Aguilera performing at the 39th Annual American Music Awards in Los Angeles. Aguilera is comparing her upcoming album to a "rebirth." With more than a decade in the music business behind her, the album will be a culmination of "everything I've experienced up until this point," the pop star said, including divorce. The album doesn't have a release date and the title hasn't been announced. Aguilera, a coach on NBC's singing contest, ?The Voice,? will perform the first single, "Your Body," on the show on Sept. 17. (AP Photo/Matt Sayles, file)

FILE - This Nov. 20, 2011 file photo shows Christina Aguilera performing at the 39th Annual American Music Awards in Los Angeles. Aguilera is comparing her upcoming album to a "rebirth." With more than a decade in the music business behind her, the album will be a culmination of "everything I've experienced up until this point," the pop star said, including divorce. The album doesn't have a release date and the title hasn't been announced. Aguilera, a coach on NBC's singing contest, ?The Voice,? will perform the first single, "Your Body," on the show on Sept. 17. (AP Photo/Matt Sayles, file)

LOS ANGELES (AP) ? Christina Aguilera is comparing her upcoming album to a "rebirth."

With more than a decade in the music business behind her, the album will be a culmination of "everything I've experienced up until this point," the 31-year-old pop star said in a recent interview.

"I've been through a lot since the release of my last album, being on ('The Voice'), having had a divorce," she said. "This is all sort of a free rebirth for me."

Aguilera and Jordan Bratman were married for five years before she filed for divorce in 2010. They have a 4-year-old son, Max.

Her new album's first single, "Your Body," was produced by Max Martin, who also produced Aguilera's last hit, the Maroon 5 smash "Moves Like Jagger," where she was featured.

"I'm embracing many different things, but it's all feel-good," she said of the album's material, including tracks that are "superexpressive" and fun, with moments that are "supervulnerable."

The new album, which is without a release date or announced title, will feature fellow "Voice" coach Cee Lo Green and comes two years after Aguilera's lackluster "Bionic," which has sold 310,000 units, according to Nielsen SoundScan. That album featured electronic and dance-flavored tracks as well as pop ballads; it's her only album to not reach platinum status.

"In the fashion that I always like to put forth, it's very self-expressive and it's all heartfelt," Aguilera said of her new material.

Adam Levine, Maroon 5 frontman and a "Voice" coach, told Aguilera at a recent news conference for the show that he'd heard "Your Body" and added, "I hate you because it's so good."

Aguilera will perform the song on NBC's "The Voice" on Sept. 17. The show's third season starts Sept. 10.

___

Online:

http://www.nbc.com/the-voice/

http://www.christinaaguilera.com/us/home

___

AP Music Writer Mesfin Fekadu in New York contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/4e67281c3f754d0696fbfdee0f3f1469/Article_2012-08-28-Music-Christina%20Aguilera/id-86dfffe4446240ab9e4579ad28132d76

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Japan ambassador targeted in China amid protests

The car carrying Japan's ambassador to China was targeted in Beijing on Monday by a man who ripped off the vehicle's national flag, prompting a protest by Tokyo, Japanese officials said.

The incident followed widespread anti-Japan demonstrations in China over a disputed East China Sea island chain known in China as Diaoyu and in Japan as Senkaku.

The ambassador, Uichiro Niwa, was in the vehicle at the time but was not hurt in the incident, said a Japanese foreign ministry official in Tokyo.

An official at the Japanese embassy told AFP the Japanese flag, which identifies the ambassador's car, was taken away by the man but the vehicle was not damaged in the afternoon incident.

"At least two cars let the ambassador's car stop on the road and a Chinese man took the national flag," he said.

Chinese authorities later said they were "seriously investigating" the incident, the official Xinhua news agency reported.

The agency quoted the Foreign Ministry as saying the Chinese government always conscientiously fulfils the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations to protect the safety of foreign embassies and personnel.

Diplomatic vehicles in China are also identified by special car plates but typically only ambassadors' vehicles carry national flags.

A Japanese diplomat later registered a protest with the Chinese foreign ministry in a meeting, demanding an investigation and prevention of future such incidents, the embassy official said.

No arrests have been made, he said, adding the embassy has not warned Japanese nationals in China following the incident.

Tensions between Japan and China flared earlier this month after pro-Beijing activists who landed on one of the disputed islands were arrested by Japanese authorities and later deported.

Around a dozen nationalists raised Japanese flags on the island just days later.

Thousands of Chinese citizens in more than 20 cities have protested over the last two weeks, which saw Japanese businesses, restaurants and cars targeted in some cities.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/japanese-ambassadors-car-targeted-beijing-official-135214795.html

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Home Staging Expert Christine Rae Publishes New Article ...

Christine Rae, President of CSP International Business Training Academy, a Home Staging Training company, highlights several advantages of creating a home staging business.

Orlando, FL ? August 27, 2012 ? Christine Rae, President of CSP International Business Training Academy, a Home Staging Training and Real Estate Strategy company, recently published an article on her website (http://www.stagingtraining.com) discussing home staging. The article, titled ?Four Reasons a Home Staging Business May Be Right for You? offers four specific reasons for her readers to consider starting a home staging business.

Christine writes, ?Most of the space on my blog and in these articles is devoted to providing practical tips and information for home staging professionals. Today, I am going to change it up just a bit. If you are thinking about starting a home staging business but aren?t sure whether or not you wish to proceed, this article is for you.?

Certified Staging Professionals trains home stagers through a comprehensive course of study that includes 3 days in a classroom, 4 weeks of home study and 6 weeks of hands-on market coaching. CSP is also a resource for Realtors and home sellers to find and hire graduates of this highly accredited staging education program, for assisting them in successfully closing their real estate sale.

The entire article can be found at http://www.stagingtraining.com/articles/four-reasons-a-home-staging-business-may-be-calling-you.php

To learn more about Christine Rae and Certified Staging Professionals, please visit http://www.stagingtraining.com.

About CSP International? Business Training Academy:?

CSP began as the brainchild of its founder and president, Christine Rae. A long-time corporate executive, Christine began with the CSP program and a goal of bringing her penchant for high standards and business ethics, together with her knowledge of design and the real estate industry to an industry without a map. Her own extensive training from across North America includes ?New York City, California, Texas and the Carolinas as well as the United Kingdom.? From her research Christine knew there was a need for a distinctly different approach to staging and staging training. Growing from one course to a complete school with several physical locations and a group of well trained instructors, the CSP program is the leading global source for finding highly trained stagers and is the primary destination for anyone wanting to become a stager, it is the company more real estate agents turn to, on behalf of their clients. CSP International is a Certified Women?s Business Enterprise having expanded to the United States in 2006 and Australia in 2009.? The program has been translated into Mandarin; Global license opportunities currently under review include China, Germany and France.

About the CSP? designation:?

The CSP? designation is recognized by real estate professionals, builders, home stagers, decorators and home sellers for its brand reputation of excellence. The designation identifies home staging consultants who have achieved certification in the staging industry which included quality hands-on training with vigorous testing, apprenticeship, business process and ethics.

Source: http://www.stagingtraining.com/news/home-staging-expert-christine-rae-publishes-new-article-discussing-the-benefits-of-creating-a-home-staging-business.php

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Man mistakes son for monkey, shoots him dead

A farmer in southern Nepal mistook his son for a monkey trying to steal his crops and shot the 12-year-old dead, police said on Sunday.

Chitra Bahadur Pulami had been climbing a tree to chase away macaques that had become a nuisance to the family but his father Gupta Bahadur, 55, spotted the boy and opened fire, wrongly believing him to be one of the animals.

"The son was hiding in a tree at their farm to chase away monkeys that used to come searching for food in the maize field," said Arun Poudel, deputy superintendent of police in the remote Arghakhanchi district

"The son died on the spot after Gupta Bahadur mistakenly thought there was a monkey in the tree and opened fire. Our preliminary investigation shows that the father was unaware that his son had gone to the maize field to chase the monkeys.

"Both Gupta Bahadur and the gun that he used in shooting his son are now under the custody of the police."

The three species of monkey native to Nepal, the rhesus and Assamese macaque and the common langur, are considered sacred and farmers normally try to scare them away from their crops without injuring the animals.

"I realised my mistake only when my son fell down and got stuck in one of the tree's branches," the farmer was quoted as telling police by the Nepali nagariknews.com website after the incident, on Friday.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/man-mistakes-son-monkey-shoots-him-dead-061839983.html

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Criminal Defense Attorney Karam Nahas Signed Former Juvenile ...

Nahas represented Arioose as a gangster minded teen for a multitude of criminal charges and recently signed him as a hip-hop artist and songwriter after co-producing ?Supply and Demand? a?music videomaking a statement to the music and entertainment industry.

Criminal Defense Attorney Nahas?signed hip-hop artist and songwriter Arioose after the artist sought after Nahas while learning to write, produce and engineer music in a juvenile prison. While in prison for an armed robbery, Arioose reflected upon his life and took positive steps in his development and planning a career in music after his release.

?Arioose told me he was dedicated to pursue his dream of becoming a rapper but him actually showing me convinced me to help. I thought the first 20 song demo I received was exceptional and I was his only outlet to the professional world,? says?Karam Nahas.

Nahas took interest in the still young aspiring talent after hearing his prison demo and after Arioose demonstrated that he had changed his mindset from being a gangster to a young professional businessman. Nahas and partner Josue Altomonte recently funded a trip to Asia where the rapper spent nearly three weeks in China, and several days with the Shaolin Abbot at the Shaolin Temple in China.

After witnessing Arioose?s progression and development as a?professional music?artist the partners gave the young convict the nod and funded his first?professional music video?and single called, ?Supply and Demand,? making a statement the?music industry?in both the song and video.

?When I looked at the previous videos I was a bit discouraged. I saw raw talent but it was not at the level of a major label artist. In order to compete in the music business you need the storyline but also quality production. Video is as important as the music and the music is critical,? says Richard Victor Mahee, Mahvrick Networks.

Altomonte, Nahas and Mahee came up with a business plan after spending several days in Miami speaking to DJ Radamas, Bla G, and Marco Mall from Florida Film House to turn the video into a series of music videos that would consist of a short feature film series that would be shopped to film festivals and capture Arioose?s character and brand as he describes in his tagline, ?Haitian blood. Italian swag. Spartan heart. Russian mags.

Supply and Demand is a graphic ?R? rated four minute movie trailer music video that features scenes of a Haitian mob boss wielding a sword, a diamond deal gone bad, a sexy Russian dancer licking and fondling a pistol, a Maserati Grandturismo, AK-47?s, and a whole lot of other guns, weapons and scary individuals.

The video tells a short story of betrayal and retribution that ends with a mob style execution and a lesson learned in business. Arioose compares himself to Al Capone touting a tommy-gun wrapped in a Haitian flag and rapping ?Like any other man, I supply and demand.?

The statement that Arioose is making to the music industry is that ?I make the market? and Arioose will take advantage of market situations. There is a demand in a market of genuine hip-hop fans and music lovers for real, gangster rap and musicians with real stories Arioose intends to supply this demand in this digital market where consumers constantly crave more content that has substance, is real, and entertaining.

Supply and Demand and each subsequent video will tell a movie-like story of organized crime with Arioose?s music as the featured soundtrack. The videos, independently and taken together, will portray Arioose?s character and brand. Supply and Demand was written by Arioose, produced by RKE, and directed by Redd Pen Media.

Arioose is a hip-hop artist and songwriter from Elizabeth, New Jersey. He?s performed on the Van Warped Tour, MMA events, Boston UFC Fan Expo, and recently in China. Arioose writes and performs all his own music based on his life and meant to pass knowledge on to his listeners. Although a gangster rapper, Arioose has also been commended for showing young kids how music can be used to inspire, educate, and influence consumers in the area of product branding.

RoughKut Entertainment (RKE) is an artist management firm that manages Arioose and headed by his former criminal defense attorney. RKE?s goal is to manage and develop artists? with raw talent into a refined and viable commercial brand and product.

Unlike the Wu-Tang Clan who rapped about entering the Shaolin, Arioose actually did

enter the Shaolin.?Arioose recently returned from a trip to China where he spend several weeks at the

Shaolin Temple. He trained Kung-Fu, learned about Buddhism and martial arts, and even

met the Abbot and drank tea with him. The Abbot who has made public appearances

recently with former Russian President Vladimir Putin spent several days with Arioose

discussing a vision of using music to reach English speaking youth and sharing the

message of the Shaolin through a song.

While at the Temple, Arioose performed a hip-hop song he authored for the Shoalin

Monks before the Abbot and the monks of Shaolin. The song ?I am Shaolin? was

produced by Fabrizio Sotti for Sotti Entertainment and a short video was shot on location

by ABC news.

Arioose was fortunate to share his time at the Shaolin Temple and train Kung-Fu with

NBA Boston Celtic basketball player Mickael Pietrus. Pietrus stayed at the Shaolin

Temple and also main-land China for sports medicine treatment of his injured knee. ABC

Nightline followed and documented both Pietrus and Arioose, during his time of therapy

and their interactions with Chinese fans. Tens of thousands of Chinese students met and

were entertained by them during a public exhibition.

When asked about China, Arioose smiled and commented, ?One word ? inspirational.

I can?t wait to return. I?m writing hip-hop in Chinese, songs to educate people about

Chinese culture and working on a soundtrack for a Shaolin movie.?

After his trip, Arioose who also performed at the UFC Boston Fan Expo and at MMA

events believes that a Shaolin monk would beat a UFC fighter in a no rules fight and

would like to see it happen.

Propz-DSHH

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Source: http://www.hhrfd.com/2012/08/27/criminal-defense-attorney-karam-nahas-signed-former-juvenile-client-hip-hop-artist-and-songwriter-arioose-for-his-debut-album-and-music-video-turned-independent-short-feature-film-series/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=criminal-defense-attorney-karam-nahas-signed-former-juvenile-client-hip-hop-artist-and-songwriter-arioose-for-his-debut-album-and-music-video-turned-independent-short-feature-film-series

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Interior Design University Tricks For Small Rooms | ArticlePDQ.com

It?s simple to observe truth tv today and compare you to ultimately wealthy pseudo-celebrities who reside in 60,000 square foot mansions in Beverly Hills? or wherever. However the truth is, that you may not need vast acres of land in order to design your home superbly. In reality, any interior design college student can let you know there are myriads of methods combining both function and form to help make the greatest use out of even the littlest living areas. With the best interior design approaches, everyone can maximize from the space that they have, irrespective of how big or small that space may be. Here are just a couple of samples of interior design methods for fully utilizing little spaces.Do not neglect the toilet. A lot of people fail to consider the storage and design area in your bathrooms. Because bathrooms are usually the smallest rooms in a home, and?well? they?re bogs, plenty of empty partitions goes unseen and unused. Use your toilet to hang hooks on the walls and shop jewelry, connections, towels or robes. Another choice for bathroom wall space would be to suspend some neat art. Photographs go specially well in bogs, but any art you do not have different space to hang can do. Lots of people ignore art to be hung by the bathroom as a decent place, when actually it is an excellent place. It?ll give you anything to look at while you are sitting on the toilet!Keep it simple. In order to take advantage of a little place, any interior design school will show you that it is better to remain simple. The more open and white house you have, greater your place can look. As opposed to crowding an area with clunky furniture, decide to try and support racks onto the walls for books or clothes. In in order to increase area to go around in a smaller home, select a smaller dining table. What you do not require, get rid of! Occasionally determining what to help keep and what to throw is complicated but you?ll be happier in the future with a less complicated design strategy.Use your outdoor area. Depending on where you live, you may or may not need usage of an outdoor. Then utilize it, should you! Many a straightforward pad has been converted into a wonderland because of its sprawling yard. Design your back yard by trees and planting flowers. Allow it to be a pleasant place to hang by getting hammocks, chairs, platforms and lights. Be sure you get citronella candles to help keep these awful mosquitoes absent through the hotter nights.Use light colors. An interior design college student?s number 1 rule of thumb is to ALWAYS choose light colors when building a small house. It?s a well-known proven fact that light colors make a room search greater, when darker colors make the area feel smaller and more confined. This goes for the colors you paint on the walls and for to be able to feel great about your house the colors of your furniture and place accessories.You do not have to possess a mansion. With one of these interior design recommendations, you are able to convert your tiny liveable space in to a relaxed, warm, life-sized dream house.

Visit our site for more details about hiring an interior designer

Source: http://articlepdq.com/health-fitness/interior-design-university-tricks-for-small-rooms/

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